HGST HUH721212ALN600
Posted on February 3, 2019 with tags tech. See the previous or next posts.
New hard-drives! After many many years…
Due to life, I didn’t manage to do any more investigation on backup
solutions, but after a long saga I managed to finally have 4 working
new HDDs - model HUH721212ALN600.
These are 12TB, 4K sector size, “ISE” (instant secure erase) SATA hard-drives. This combination seemed the best, especially the ISE part; apparently the HDD controller always encrypts data to/from platters, and the “instant erase” part is about wiping the encryption key. Between this and cryptsetup, dealing with either a failed HDD or one that is to be removed from service should be a no-breeze.
Hardware is hardware
The long saga of getting the hard-drives is that this particular model, and in general any 4K hard-drives seem to be very hard to acquire in Switzerland. I ordered and cancelled many times due to “available in 3 days” then “in 5 days” then “unknown delivery”, to finally being able to order and receive 4 of them. And one to be dead-on-arrival, in the form of failing a short smart test, and failing any writes. Sent back, and due to low availability, wait and wait… I’m glad I finally got the replacement and can proceed with the project. A spare wouldn’t be bad though :)
Performance stats
Fun aside, things went through burn-in procedure successfully, and now
the raid array is being built. It’s the first time I see mechanical
HDDs being faster than the default sync_speed_max. After bumping up
that value for this particular raid array:
md4 : active raid5 sdd2[4] sdc2[2] sdb2[1] sda2[0]
35149965312 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_]
[=>...................] recovery = 5.2% (619963868/11716655104) finish=769.4min speed=240361K/sec
bitmap: 0/88 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunkStill, it’ll take more than that value as the speed decreases significantly towards the end. Not really looking forwards to 24hrs rebuild times, but that’s life:
[Sat Feb 2 09:03:21 2019] md4: detected capacity change from 0 to 35993564479488
[Sat Feb 2 09:03:21 2019] md: recovery of RAID array md4
[Sun Feb 3 03:05:51 2019] md: md4: recovery done.Eighteen hours to the minute almost.
IOPS graph:
I was not aware that 7’200 RPM hard-drives can now peak at close 200 IO/s (196, to be precise). For the same RPM, 8 years ago the peak was about 175, so smarter something (controller, cache, actuator, whatever) results in about 20 extra IOPS. And yes, SATA limitation of 31 in-flight I/Os is clearly visible…
While trying to get a bandwidth graph, I was surprised about fio not
ending. Apparently there’s a bug in fio since 2014,
reported back in
2015, but still not fixed. I filled issue
738 on github, hopefully it
is confirmed and can be fixed (I’m not sure what the intent was at all
to loop?). And the numbers I see if I let it run for long are a bit
weird as well. While running, I see numbers between 260MB/s (max) and
around 125MB (min). Some quick numbers for max performance:
# dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null iflag=direct bs=8192k count=1000
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
8388608000 bytes (8.4 GB, 7.8 GiB) copied, 31.9695 s, 262 MB/s
# dd if=/dev/md4 of=/dev/null iflag=direct bs=8192k count=2000
2000+0 records in
2000+0 records out
16777216000 bytes (17 GB, 16 GiB) copied, 23.1841 s, 724 MB/sThis and the very large storage space are about the only thing mechanical HDDs are still good at.
And now, to migrate from the old array…
Raw info
As other people might be interested (I was and couldn’t find the
information beforehand), here is smartctl and hdparm info from the
broken hard-drive (before I knew it was so):
SMART:
smartctl 6.6 2017-11-05 r4594 [x86_64-linux] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-17, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: HGST HUH721212ALN600
Serial Number: 8HHUE36H
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 270d9a5f8
Firmware Version: LEGNT3D0
User Capacity: 12,000,138,625,024 bytes [12.0 TB]
Sector Size: 4096 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Thu Jan 10 13:58:03 2019 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x80) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 87) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: (1257) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 016 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 100 100 054 Pre-fail Offline - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0007 100 100 024 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 005 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 067 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 100 100 020 Pre-fail Offline - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 060 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1
22 Unknown_Attribute 0x0023 100 100 025 Pre-fail Always - 100
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0002 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 30 (Min/Max 25/30)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0008 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x000a 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.hdparm:
/dev/sda:
ATA device, with non-removable media
Model Number: HGST HUH721212ALN600
Serial Number: 8HHUE36H
Firmware Revision: LEGNT3D0
Transport: Serial, ATA8-AST, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions,
SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0;
Revision: ATA8-AST T13 Project D1697 Revision 0b
Standards:
Used: unknown (minor revision code 0x0029)
Supported: 9 8 7 6 5
Likely used: 9
Configuration:
Logical max current
cylinders 16383 16383
heads 16 16
sectors/track 63 63
--
CHS current addressable sectors: 16514064
LBA user addressable sectors: 268435455
LBA48 user addressable sectors: 2929721344
Logical Sector size: 4096 bytes
Physical Sector size: 4096 bytes
device size with M = 1024*1024: 11444224 MBytes
device size with M = 1000*1000: 12000138 MBytes (12000 GB)
cache/buffer size = unknown
Form Factor: 3.5 inch
Nominal Media Rotation Rate: 7200
Capabilities:
LBA, IORDY(can be disabled)
Queue depth: 32
Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum
R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 2 Current = 0
Advanced power management level: 254
DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6
Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns
PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
Cycle time: no flow control=120ns IORDY flow control=120ns
Commands/features:
Enabled Supported:
* SMART feature set
Security Mode feature set
* Power Management feature set
* Write cache
* Look-ahead
* Host Protected Area feature set
* WRITE_BUFFER command
* READ_BUFFER command
* NOP cmd
* DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
* Advanced Power Management feature set
Power-Up In Standby feature set
* SET_FEATURES required to spinup after power up
SET_MAX security extension
* 48-bit Address feature set
* Device Configuration Overlay feature set
* Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE
* FLUSH_CACHE_EXT
* SMART error logging
* SMART self-test
* Media Card Pass-Through
* General Purpose Logging feature set
* WRITE_{DMA|MULTIPLE}_FUA_EXT
* 64-bit World wide name
* URG for READ_STREAM[_DMA]_EXT
* URG for WRITE_STREAM[_DMA]_EXT
* WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command
* {READ,WRITE}_DMA_EXT_GPL commands
* Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
unknown 119[6]
unknown 119[7]
* Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)
* Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)
* Gen3 signaling speed (6.0Gb/s)
* Native Command Queueing (NCQ)
* Host-initiated interface power management
* Phy event counters
* NCQ priority information
* READ_LOG_DMA_EXT equivalent to READ_LOG_EXT
Non-Zero buffer offsets in DMA Setup FIS
* DMA Setup Auto-Activate optimization
Device-initiated interface power management
In-order data delivery
* Software settings preservation
unknown 78[7]
unknown 78[10]
unknown 78[11]
* SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set
* SCT Write Same (AC2)
* SCT Error Recovery Control (AC3)
* SCT Features Control (AC4)
* SCT Data Tables (AC5)
* SANITIZE feature set
* CRYPTO_SCRAMBLE_EXT command
* OVERWRITE_EXT command
* reserved 69[3]
* reserved 69[4]
* WRITE BUFFER DMA command
* READ BUFFER DMA command
Security:
Master password revision code = 65534
supported
not enabled
not locked
not frozen
not expired: security count
not supported: enhanced erase
1114min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT.
Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 5000cca270d9a5f8
NAA : 5
IEEE OUI : 000cca
Unique ID : 270d9a5f8
Checksum: correct